1 Kev Taw Qhia
Polyurethane mos ua npuas ncauj series cov khoom lag luam feem ntau suav nrog thaiv, nruam, daim txhuam cev, ua npuas ncauj siab (HR), ua npuas ncauj rau tus kheej, ua npuas ncauj qeeb, microcellular ua npuas ncauj thiab ib nrab zog-absorbing ua npuas ncauj.Hom npuas no tseem suav txog li 50% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom polyurethane.Ntau yam loj nrog kev nthuav dav daim ntawv thov, nws tau koom nrog ntau yam kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws: khoom siv hauv tsev, tsheb, txhim kho tsev, rooj tog zaum, tsheb ciav hlau, nkoj, aerospace thiab ntau lwm yam.Txij li thaum lub advent ntawm PU mos ua npuas ncauj nyob rau hauv 1950s, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab nkag mus rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st, muaj ib tug leap nyob rau hauv technology, ntau yam thiab cov khoom tsim tawm.Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog: Ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg PU mos ua npuas ncauj, uas yog xim ntsuab polyurethane khoom;Tsawg VOC tus nqi PU mos ua npuas ncauj;tsawg atomization PU mos ua npuas ncauj;dej puv PU ua npuas ncauj;tag nrho MDI series mos ua npuas ncauj;nplaim retardant, tsis muaj pa luam yeeb, tag nrho MDI series Ua Npuas Ncauj;tshiab hom additives xws li reactive siab molecular hnyav catalysts, stabilizers, nplaim retardants thiab antioxidants;polyols nrog tsawg unsaturation thiab tsawg monoalcohol ntsiab lus;ultra-low density PU soft foam nrog lub cev zoo heev;tsawg resonance zaus, tsis tshua muaj hloov PU ua npuas ncauj;polycarbonate diol, polyε-caprolactone polyol, polybutadiene diol, polytetrahydrofuran thiab lwm yam polyols tshwj xeeb;kua CO2 foaming tshuab, tsis zoo siab foaming tshuab, thiab lwm yam.Nyob rau hauv luv luv, qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau yam tshiab thiab tshiab technologies tau txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntxiv ntawm PU soft foam.
2 Foaming txoj cai
Txhawm rau ua kom zoo tshaj plaws PU ua npuas ncauj ua npuas ncauj uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov npuas dej txhawm rau xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog thiab cov khoom siv raw thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam polyurethane rau niaj hnub no tsis yog nyob rau hauv imitation theem, tab sis raws li kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom kawg, nws tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab cov txheej txheem hluavtaws.Polyurethane ua npuas ncauj koom nrog cov tshuaj hloov pauv thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov txheej txheem, thiab cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov npuas dej yog qhov nyuaj, uas tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm isocyanate, polyether (ester) cawv thiab dej, tab sis kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm foaming. .Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj xws li chain extension, foaming thiab cross-linking.Nws kuj cuam tshuam rau cov qauv, kev ua haujlwm thiab qhov hnyav molecular ntawm cov tshuaj koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dav dav ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm polyurethane ua npuas ncauj tuaj yeem qhia los ntawm cov qauv hauv qab no:
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Txawm li cas los xij, qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag yog qhov nyuaj dua, thiab cov lus teb tseem ceeb tau sau tseg raws li hauv qab no:
01 Chain extension
Multifunctional isocyanates thiab polyether (ester) cawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov sib txuas ua haujlwm, cov saw txuas ntxiv yog ua raws li hauv qab no:
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Nyob rau hauv lub foaming system, tus nqi ntawm isocyanate feem ntau yog ntau dua li ntawm cov nquag hydrogen-muaj compound, uas yog, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Performance index yog ntau tshaj 1, feem ntau yog 1.05, yog li qhov kawg ntawm cov saw-extended kawg khoom nyob rau hauv lub foaming txheej txheem. yuav tsum yog ib pawg isocyanate.
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Cov saw txuas ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb ntawm PU ua npuas ncauj, thiab nws yog tus yuam sij rau lub cev muaj zog: txhua yam muaj zog, kev loj hlob, elasticity, thiab lwm yam.
02 Foaming reaction
Foaming yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm mos foams, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum synthesizing tsawg-density khoom.Muaj ob txoj kev ua npuas ncauj dav dav: kev siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cua sov kom vaporize qis-boiling hydrocarbon tebchaw, xws li HCFC-141b, HFC-134a, HFC-365mfc, cyclopentane, thiab lwm yam, kom ua tiav cov hom phiaj foaming, thiab lwm yam yog siv. dej thiab isocyanate.Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua rau muaj ntau ntawm CO2 roj foaming:
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Thaum tsis muaj cov catalyst, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov dej nrog isocyanates qeeb.Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi ntawm amines thiab isocyanates yog ceev heev.Vim li no, thaum dej siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev ua npuas dej, nws coj ntau ntu ntu thiab urea tebchaw nrog cov polarity siab, uas cuam tshuam rau kev xav, resilience thiab kub tsis kam ntawm cov khoom ua npuas ncauj.Txhawm rau tsim cov ua npuas dej nrog cov khoom siv lub cev zoo thiab qis dua, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum nce molecular qhov hnyav ntawm polyether (ester) cawv thiab lub qhov muag ntawm lub ntsiab.
03 Gel ua
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv gel kuj tseem hu ua cross-linking and curing reaction.Hauv cov txheej txheem foaming, gelation tseem ceeb heev.gelation ntxov dhau los yog lig dhau lawm yuav ua rau cov khoom ua npuas ncauj tsis zoo los yog ua cov khoom pov tseg.Lub xeev zoo tshaj plaws yog tias cov saw txuas ntxiv, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv foaming thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv gel ncav cuag qhov sib npaug, txwv tsis pub cov npuas ntom ntom yuav siab dhau lossis ua npuas dej yuav tawg.
Muaj peb txoj haujlwm gelling thaum lub sijhawm ua npuas dej:
1) Gels ntawm multifunctional compounds
Feem ntau, cov tebchaw uas muaj ntau tshaj peb lub luag haujlwm tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev sib txuas ntawm lub cev.Peb siv polyether polyols nrog ntau tshaj peb functionalities nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov polyurethane saj zawg zog foams.Tsis ntev los no, polyisocyanates nrog fn ≥ 2.5 kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev txhim kho ntawm txhua lub tshuab MDI los txhim kho lub peev xwm ntawm cov kabmob uas tsis muaj npuas.Cov no yog lub hauv paus rau kev tsim ntawm peb-theem cross-linked lug:
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Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov hnyav molecular nruab nrab ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txuas ncaj qha qhia txog qhov sib txuas ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm cov npuas dej.Uas yog hais tias, lub crosslinking ceev yog loj, lub hardness ntawm cov khoom yog siab, thiab cov neeg kho tshuab lub zog yog zoo, tab sis lub softness ntawm cov npuas dej tsis zoo, thiab cov resilience thiab elongation yog tsawg.Qhov hnyav molecular (Mc) nruab nrab ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txuas ntawm cov ua npuas ncauj mos yog 2000-2500, thiab cov npuas ib nrab yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 700-2500.
2) Tsim cov urea
Thaum dej siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev ua npuas dej, cov khoom sib txuas ntawm urea bonds raug tsim tawm.Qhov dej ntau, qhov ntau urea bonds.Lawv yuav rov ua dua nrog ntau tshaj isocyanate ntawm qhov kub thiab txias los tsim biuret daim ntawv cog lus nrog peb-theem qauv:
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3) Kev tsim ntawm allophanate Lwm hom kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tias cov hydrogen ntawm cov saw tseem ceeb ntawm urethane ntxiv reacts nrog ntau tshaj isocyanate ntawm qhov kub siab los ua ib qho kev sib cog lus nrog peb-theem qauv:
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Kev tsim ntawm biuret compounds thiab allophanate tebchaw tsis zoo tagnrho rau cov tshuab ua npuas dej vim tias ob lub tebchaw no tsis zoo thermal stability thiab decompose ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau tib neeg los tswj qhov kub thiab txias thiab isocyanate Performance index hauv ntau lawm
3 Kev suav tshuaj
Polyurethane cov khoom siv hluavtaws yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws polymer uas tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv polymer los ntawm cov khoom siv raw hauv ib kauj ruam, uas yog hais tias, lub cev ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem raug kho ncaj qha los ntawm kev hloov cov specifications thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv.Yog li ntawd, yuav ua li cas kom raug siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm polymer synthesis thiab tsim ib tug yooj yim xam cov mis nyuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los txhim kho cov khoom zoo ntawm polyurethane.
01 Tus nqi sib npaug
Qhov sib npaug ntawm tus nqi (E) yog hais txog qhov hnyav molecular (Mn) sib haum rau chav tsev ua haujlwm (f) hauv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke;
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Piv txwv li, tus naj npawb nruab nrab molecular hnyav ntawm polyether triol yog 3000, ces nws cov nqi sib npaug:
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Feem ntau siv tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas MOCA, uas yog 4,4′-methylene bis (2 chloroamine), muaj cov txheeb ze molecular loj ntawm 267. Txawm hais tias muaj 4 active hydrogens nyob rau hauv lub molecule, tsuas yog 2 hydrogens koom nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv isocyanate.atom, yog li nws ua haujlwm f=2
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Nyob rau hauv cov khoom specification ntawm polyether los yog polyester polyol, txhua lub tuam txhab tsuas yog muab hydroxyl tus nqi (OH) cov ntaub ntawv, yog li nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los xam ncaj qha rau tus nqi sib npaug nrog tus nqi hydroxyl:
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Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm yog siv sijhawm ntev heev, thiab muaj ntau qhov kev cuam tshuam.Feem ntau, qhov ua haujlwm tiag tiag ntawm triol polyether (ester) tsis sib npaug rau 3, tab sis nyob nruab nrab ntawm 2.7 thiab 2.8.Yog li ntawd, nws raug pom zoo kom siv (2) mis, uas yog, tus nqi hydroxyl yog xam thiab!
02 Kev xav tau ntawm isocyanate
Tag nrho cov nquag hydrogen tebchaw tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog isocyanate.Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib npaug, nws yog ib qho kev coj ua hauv PU synthesis kom raug xam tus nqi ntawm isocyanate noj los ntawm txhua yam khoom hauv cov mis:
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Hauv cov mis: Ws - tus nqi ntawm isocyanate
Wp-polyester lossis polyester ntau npaum
Ep-polyester lossis polyester sib npaug
Es-Isocyanate sib npaug
Molar ratio ntawm I2-NCO/-OH, uas yog, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv index
ρS-purity ntawm isocyanate
Raws li peb txhua tus paub, thaum ua ke ib qho prepolymer lossis semi-prepolymer nrog qee tus nqi NCO, tus nqi ntawm isocyanate yuav tsum muaj feem xyuam rau qhov tseeb ntawm polyether thiab NCO cov ntsiab lus xav tau los ntawm qhov kawg prepolymer.Tom qab sau ntawv:
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In the formula: D—the mass fraction of NCO group in the prepolymer
42 — Equivalent NCO
Nyob rau niaj hnub no tag nrho-MDI system foams, siab molecular hnyav polyether-hloov MDI feem ntau yog siv los ua ke semi-prepolymers, thiab nws cov NCO% yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 25 thiab 29%, yog li cov mis (4) yog heev pab tau.
Ib qho qauv rau kev xam qhov hnyav molecular nruab nrab ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txuas uas cuam tshuam nrog kev sib txuas ntawm qhov sib txuas kuj pom zoo, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev hauv kev tsim cov formulations.Txawm hais tias nws yog ib qho elastomer los yog lub siab ua npuas ncauj, nws cov elasticity yog ncaj qha ntsig txog tus nqi ntawm tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas:
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Hauv cov mis: Mnc —— tus lej-qhov nruab nrab molecular hnyav ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txuas
Piv txwv li — Tus nqi sib npaug ntawm tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas
Wg—Ntau tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas
WV - tus nqi ntawm prepolymer
D — NCO content
4 raw khoom
Polyurethane raw cov ntaub ntawv muab faib ua peb pawg: polyol compounds, polyisocyanate compounds thiab additives.Ntawm lawv, polyols thiab polyisocyanates yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm polyurethane, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm pabcuam yog cov khoom sib txuas uas ntxiv cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom polyurethane.
Tag nrho cov tebchaw nrog hydroxyl pawg nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov organic tebchaw yog cov organic polyol tebchaw.Ntawm lawv, ob feem ntau siv polyurethane foams yog polyether polyols thiab polyester polyols.
polyol compound
Polyether polyol
Nws yog ib qho oligomeric compound nrog qhov nruab nrab qhov hnyav ntawm 1000 ~ 7000, uas yog raws li cov ntaub ntawv raw ntawm petrochemical kev lag luam: propylene oxide thiab ethylene oxide, thiab ob thiab peb cov khoom siv hydrogen-muaj cov tebchaw siv los ua cov pib, thiab yog catalyzed thiab polymerized los ntawm KOH..
Feem ntau, qhov hnyav molecular ntawm cov mos mos ua npuas ncauj polyether polyol yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 1500 ~ 3000, thiab tus nqi hydroxyl yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 56 ~ 110mgKOH / g.Qhov hnyav molecular ntawm siab resilience polyether polyol yog nruab nrab ntawm 4500 thiab 8000, thiab tus nqi hydroxyl yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 21 thiab 36 mgKOH / g.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog hais tias ntau ntau yam ntawm polyether polyols tshiab tsim nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los txhim kho lub cev ntawm polyurethane ua npuas ncauj thiab txo qhov ntom.
L polymer-glocked Polyether Polyol (pop), uas tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog ua npuas dej, txo cov ntom ntom ntom, thiab tiv thaiv shrinkage.Kev noj tshuaj kuj nce ib hnub dhau ib hnub ..
l Polyurea polyether polyol (PHD): Lub luag haujlwm polyether zoo ib yam li cov khoom siv polyether polyol, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho hardness, bearing muaj peev xwm, thiab txhawb kev qhib cov khoom ua npuas ncauj.Cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab tau nce, thiab MDI series ua npuas ncauj yog tus kheej tua thiab siv dav hauv Tebchaws Europe.l combustion-qib polymer polyether polyol: Nws yog nitrogen-muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbon polymer grafted polyether polyol, uas tsis tsuas yog txhim kho lub load-bearing, qhib-cell, hardness thiab lwm yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom ua npuas ncauj, tab sis kuj ua PU rooj zaum cushions synthesized. los ntawm nws.Nws muaj cov nplaim taws kub hnyiab: qhov ntsuas pa oxygen siab li 28% lossis ntau dua, cov pa luam yeeb tsawg ≤60%, thiab cov nplaim hluav taws xob tsawg.Nws yog ib qho khoom siv zoo heev rau tsheb, tsheb ciav hlau thiab rooj tog zaum ua cov cushions.
l Tsawg unsaturation polyether polyol: Txij li thaum nws siv ob chav cyanide hlau complex (DMC) raws li ib tug catalyst, cov ntsiab lus ntawm unsaturated ob daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv lub synthesized polyether yog tsawg tshaj li 0.010mol / mg, uas yog hais tias, nws muaj monool Cov tsis tshua muaj compound, uas yog, lub siab purity, ua rau kom zoo dua resilience thiab compression txheej txheem ntawm HR ua npuas ncauj synthesized raws li nws, raws li zoo raws li tsim kua muag zog thiab indentation yam.Qhov tsis ntev los no tau tsim qis resonance zaus, 6Hz qis kis tus nqi tsheb lub rooj zaum ua npuas ncauj yog qhov zoo heev.
l Hydrogenated polybutadiene glycol, cov polyol no tau siv tsis ntev los no hauv PU ua npuas ncauj khoom txawv teb chaws los txhim kho lub cev ntawm cov npuas dej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov huab cua tsis kam, noo noo thiab kub tsis kam compression teeb thiab lwm yam teeb meem rau ntau xyoo, kom lub tsheb cushion. thiab lwm yam yog siv nyob rau hauv tropical regions ntawm teb chaws Africa.
l Polyether polyols nrog siab ethylene oxide cov ntsiab lus, feem ntau high-activity polyether polyols, thiaj li yuav txhim kho cov reactivity ntawm polyethers, ntxiv 15 ~ 20% EO mus rau thaum xaus ntawm synthesis.Cov polyethers saum toj no yog EO cov ntsiab lus txog li 80%, PO cov ntsiab lus Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws qis dua 40%.Nws yog tus yuam sij rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tag nrho cov MDI series PU mos foams, uas yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog mus rau cov neeg nyob rau hauv kev lag luam.
l Polyether polyols nrog catalytic kev ua si: feem ntau qhia tertiary amine pawg nrog catalytic zog los yog hlau ions rau hauv cov qauv polyether.Lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau txo cov nyiaj catalyst hauv cov txheej txheem foaming, txo tus nqi VOC thiab qis atomization ntawm cov khoom ua npuas ncauj.
l Amino-terminated polyether polyol: Cov polyether no muaj qhov loj tshaj plaws catalytic kev ua, lub sij hawm luv luv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ceev demoulding, thiab zoo heev txhim kho cov khoom muaj zog (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ntxov zog), pwm tso tawm, kub tsis kam, thiab hnyav kuj., kev tsim kho qhov kub thiab txias yog txo, qhov dav dav, thiab nws yog ib qho kev cog lus tshiab ntau yam.
polyester ntaub
Thaum ntxov polyester polyols tag nrho hais txog adipic acid-based polyester polyols, thiab cov lag luam loj tshaj plaws yog microcellular ua npuas ncauj, uas yog siv hauv cov khau khau.Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ntau yam tshiab tau tshwm sim ib zaug ntxiv, nthuav dav daim ntawv thov ntawm polyester polyols hauv PUF.
l Aromatic dicarboxylic acid-hloov adipic acid-raws li polyester polyol: feem ntau synthesizing polyester polyol los ntawm ib nrab hloov adipic acid nrog phthalic acid los yog terephthalic acid, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog thaum ntxov ntawm cov khoom thiab txhim kho cov dej noo thiab hardness, thaum txo cov nqi. ua
l Polycarbonate polyol: Cov khoom lag luam no tuaj yeem txhim kho hydrolysis tsis kam, huab cua tsis kam, kub tsis kam thiab hardness ntawm cov khoom ua npuas ncauj, thiab yog ib qho kev cog lus ntau yam.
l Poly ε-caprolactone polyol: Lub PU ua npuas ncauj ua los ntawm nws muaj qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam, hydrolysis tsis kam thiab abrasion tsis kam, thiab qee cov khoom ua tau zoo yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm nws.
l Aromatic polyester polyol: Nws tau tsim los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv pov tseg polyester thaum ntxov, thiab nws feem ntau yog siv hauv PU tawv ua npuas ncauj.Tam sim no nws tau txuas mus rau PU mos ua npuas ncauj, uas kuj tsim nyog mloog.
Lwm yam Kev sib xyaw nrog hydrogen nquag tuaj yeem siv rau PUF.Raws li kev hloov pauv hauv kev lag luam thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua kom tag nrho cov khoom siv nyob deb nroog thiab ua ke biodegradable PU soft foam.
l Castor roj-raws li polyols: Cov khoom no tau siv nyob rau hauv PUF ua ntej, thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv yog tsim los ntawm unmodified ntshiab castor roj los ua semi-rigid foams.Kuv xav kom siv cov cuab yeej transesterification, thiab ntau yam khoom hnyav molecular hnyav tau qhia rau hauv cov roj castor los ua ke ntau yam tshwj xeeb.
Derivatives, tuaj yeem ua rau ntau yam mos thiab tawv PUF.
l Zaub roj series polyols: Tsis ntev los no cuam tshuam los ntawm cov nqi roj, cov khoom zoo li no tau tsim sai heev.Tam sim no, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas tau ua lag luam yog cov roj taum pauv thiab cov roj txiv roj cov khoom lag luam, thiab cov roj cog qoob loo lossis cov roj tsiaj kuj tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov khoom lag luam, uas tuaj yeem siv dav dav, txo nqi, thiab biodegradable thiab environmentally friendly. .
polyisocyanate
Ob hom isocyanates, TDI thiab MDI, feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov polyurethane ua npuas ncauj, thiab cov derived TDI / MDI hybrids kuj tau siv dav hauv HR series.Vim muaj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, kev lag luam tsheb muaj tsawg heev rau VOC tus nqi ntawm cov khoom ua npuas ncauj.Yog li ntawd, ntshiab MDI, crude MDI thiab MDI hloov cov khoom tau lug siv nyob rau hauv PU mos ua npuas ncauj raws li lub ntsiab PU mos khoom.
polyol compound
Liquefied MDI
Ntshiab 4,4′-MDI yog khoom ntawm chav tsev kub.Qhov hu ua liquefied MDI yog hais txog MDI uas tau hloov kho ntau txoj hauv kev thiab ua kua hauv chav sov.Kev ua haujlwm ntawm liquefied MDI tuaj yeem siv los nkag siab qhov twg pab pawg hloov kho MDI nws yog.
l urethane-hloov MDI nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm 2.0;
l Carbodiimide-hloov MDI nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm 2.0;
l MDI hloov nrog diazetacyclobutanone imine, kev ua haujlwm yog 2.2;
l MDI hloov nrog urethane thiab diazetidinimine nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm 2.1.
Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom no yog siv rau hauv cov khoom molded xws li HR, RIM, self-skinning foams, thiab micro-foams xws li khau khau.
MDI-50
Nws yog kev sib xyaw ntawm 4,4′-MDI thiab 2,4′-MDI.Txij li thaum lub melting point ntawm 2,4′-MDI yog qis dua chav tsev kub, txog 15 ° C, MDI-50 yog ib tug ua kua cia nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub thiab yog ib qho yooj yim mus use.Ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov nyhuv steric hindrance ntawm 2,4′-MDI, uas yog tsawg reactive tshaj li 4,4′ lub cev thiab tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm cov catalyst.
Coarse MDI los yog PAPI
Nws qhov kev ua haujlwm yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 2.5 thiab 2.8, thiab nws feem ntau yog siv hauv cov npuas dej khov.Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, vim hais tias ntawm tus nqi yam tseem ceeb, nws kuj tau siv nyob rau hauv cov mos ua npuas ncauj ua lag luam, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias vim hais tias ntawm nws cov functionality siab, nws yog tsim nyog los txo tus nqi ntawm cross-linking nyob rau hauv cov qauv tsim.Tus neeg sawv cev sib koom ua ke, lossis nce cov yas yas sab hauv.
Pab txhawb
catalyst
Cov catalyst muaj cov nyhuv zoo ntawm polyurethane ua npuas ncauj, thiab nrog nws, kev tsim khoom sai ntawm chav tsev kub tuaj yeem ua tiav.Muaj ob pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov catalysts: tertiary amines thiab hlau catalysts, xws li triethylenediamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, methylimidazole, A-1, thiab lwm yam., tag nrho yog cov tertiary amine catalysts, thaum stannous octoate, diethylene diamine laurate, thiab lwm yam. , potassium octoate, organic bismuth, thiab lwm yam yog hlau catalysts.Tam sim no, ntau yam qeeb-hom, trimerization-hom, complex-hom thiab qis-VOC tus nqi-hom catalysts tau tsim, uas kuj yog raws li saum toj no hom catalysts.
Piv txwv li, Dabco series ntawm cov khoom lag luam roj, cov khoom siv raw yog triethylenediamine:
l Dabco33LV muaj 33% triethylenediamine / 67% dipropylene glycol
l Dabco R8020 Triethylenediamine muaj 20% / DMEA80%
l Dabco S25 triethylenediamine muaj 25% / butanediol 75%
l Dabco8154 triethylenediamine/acid ncua catalyst
l Dabco EG Triethylenediamine muaj 33% / Ethylene Glycol 67%
l Dabco TMR series trimerization
l Dabco 8264 Compound Npuas, Balanced Catalysts
l Dabco XDM tsis tshua muaj ntxhiab catalyst
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm ntau cov catalysts, peb yuav tsum xub nkag siab txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam catalysts thiab lawv cov qauv kev ua haujlwm kom tau txais qhov sib npaug ntawm polyurethane system, uas yog, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov foaming ceev thiab gelation ceev;qhov sib npaug ntawm gelation ceev thiab foaming tus nqi, thiab foaming Ceev thiab cov khoom fluidity tshuav nyiaj li cas, thiab lwm yam.
Hlau catalysts yog tag nrho cov gel-type catalysts.Cov pa tin-type catalysts muaj cov nyhuv gel, tab sis lawv qhov tsis zoo yog tias lawv tsis tiv taus hydrolysis thiab muaj cov thermal aging tsis zoo.Qhov tshwm sim tsis ntev los no ntawm cov organic bismuth catalysts yuav tsum nyiam mloog.Nws tsis tsuas yog muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tin catalyst, tab sis kuj muaj cov dej zoo hydrolysis thiab kub aging kuj, uas yog heev haum rau compounding cov ntaub ntawv.
ua npuas ncauj stabilizer
Nws plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm emulsifying cov khoom ua npuas ncauj, stabilizing ua npuas ncauj thiab kho lub cell, thiab tsub kom cov kev sib nrig sib solubility ntawm txhua yam, uas yog pab tau rau cov tsim ntawm npuas, tswj qhov loj thiab uniformity ntawm tes, thiab txhawb kev sib npaug ntawm ua npuas ncauj nro.Cov phab ntsa yog elastic kom khaws cov hlwb thiab tiv thaiv kev tawg.Txawm hais tias tus nqi ntawm cov npuas stabilizer me me, nws muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau cov qauv ntawm tes, lub cev thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm PU ua npuas ncauj.
Tam sim no, hydrolysis-resistant silicone / polyoxyalkylene ether block oligomers yog siv nyob rau hauv Suav teb.Vim yog kev siv cov tshuab ua npuas sib txawv, qhov piv ntawm hydrophobic ntu / ntu hydrophilic yog sib txawv, thiab kev hloov ntawm cov saw txuas ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov qauv thaiv yog txawv., los tsim silicon stabilizers rau ntau yam khoom ua npuas ncauj.Yog li ntawd, thaum xaiv cov npuas dej stabilizer, koj yuav tsum nkag siab txog nws txoj haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm, tsis txhob hnov qab nws, tsis txhob siv nws indiscriminately, thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo.Piv txwv li, cov roj ua npuas ncauj silicone tsis tuaj yeem siv rau cov ua npuas ncauj siab, txwv tsis pub nws yuav ua rau ua npuas ncauj, thiab cov roj silicone roj tsis tuaj yeem siv los thaiv cov npuas mos, txwv tsis pub nws yuav ua rau ua npuas ncauj.
Vim qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, tsheb thiab rooj tog kev lag luam xav tau cov khoom lag luam uas tsis tshua muaj atomization thiab VOC tus nqi qis.Ntau lub tuam txhab tau ua tiav tsim cov atomization qis thiab qis VOC tus nqi ua npuas ncauj stabilizers, xws li Dabco DC6070 launched los ntawm Gas Products Company, uas yog ib tug tsawg atomization silicone roj rau TDI system.;Dabco DC2525 yog cov roj uas tsis tshua muaj roj silicone rau MDI systems.
foaming tus neeg sawv cev
Lub foaming tus neeg sawv cev rau PU mos ua npuas ncauj yog tsuas yog dej, ntxiv los ntawm lwm yam foaming agents.Hauv kev tsim cov npuas npuas, xav txog cov dej ntau hauv cov khoom lag luam tsawg, feem ntau tshaj 4.5 feem ntawm 100 qhov chaw yuav ua rau qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov npuas dej nce, siab tshaj 170 ~ 180 ° C, uas ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm cov khoom. ua npuas ncauj, thiab ib tug tsawg-boiling hydrocarbon foaming neeg sawv cev yuav tsum tau siv.Ib qho pab txo qhov ntom ntom, thiab lwm qhov tshem tawm ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshav kub.Thaum ntxov, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm dej / F11 tau siv.Vim muaj teeb meem tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, F11 raug txwv.Tam sim no, feem ntau ntawm cov dej hloov pauv / dichloromethane series khoom thiab dej / HCFC-141b series yog siv.Vim tias cov khoom siv dichloromethane kuj ua rau huab cua tsis zoo, nws yog qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv, thaum HFC series cov khoom lag luam: HFC-245fa, -356mfc, thiab lwm yam. Txhawm rau kom ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev txo qhov ntsuas kub, cov neeg tau qhia txog cov txheej txheem tshiab, tsis zoo siab foaming tshuab, yuam cua txias tshuab thiab kua CO2 tshuab los daws qhov teeb meem, lub hom phiaj yog txo cov dej los yog txo qhov kub thiab txias. av puv.
Kuv pom zoo kom ua kua CO2 thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim cov npuas npuas, uas tsim nyog rau cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab.Hauv LCO2 thev naus laus zis, 4 ntu ntawm LCO2 yog sib npaug rau 13 feem ntawm MC.Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov dej siv thiab cov kua CO2 siv los tsim cov foams ntawm qhov sib txawv Ua Npuas Ncauj ntom ntom, kg / m3 dej, qhov chaw los ntawm huab hwm coj LCO2, qhov chaw los ntawm huab hwm coj sib npaug MC, qhov chaw los ntawm huab hwm coj
13.34.86.520.0 Nws
15.24.55.015.3 Nws
16.04.54.012.3 ib
17.33.94.313.1 ib
27.72.52.06.20 Nws
nplaim retardant
Cov nplaim hluav taws thiab tiv thaiv hluav taws yog tib neeg kev txhawj xeeb txhua lub sijhawm.kuv lub teb chaws tau tso tawm tshiab "Cov Lus Qhia thiab Cov Qauv rau Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob thiab Cov Khoom Siv Hauv Pej Xeem" GB20286-2006 muaj cov cai tshiab rau cov nplaim hluav taws.Rau nplaim retardant qib 1 ua npuas ncauj yas yuav tsum: a), ncov kub tso tawm tus nqi ≤ 250KW / m2;b), nruab nrab kub lub sij hawm ≤ 30s, nruab nrab kub qhov siab ≤ 250mm;c), qib pa luam yeeb ntom ntom (SDR) ≤ 75;d), qib pa luam yeeb toxicity Tsis tsawg dua 2A2 qib.
Qhov ntawd yog hais tias: peb yam yuav tsum tau xav txog: cov nplaim hluav taws xob, cov pa luam yeeb tsawg, thiab cov pa luam yeeb tsawg.Txhawm rau muab cov kev xav tau siab dua rau kev xaiv cov nplaim hluav taws, raws li cov qauv saum toj no, kuv ntseeg tias nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los xaiv ntau yam uas tuaj yeem tsim cov txheej carbon tuab thiab tso cov pa taws uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom lossis tsis muaj tshuaj lom.Tam sim no, nws tsim nyog siv phosphate ester-raws li siab molecular hnyav nplaim retardants, los yog halogen-dawb aromatic hydrocarbons nrog kub kub kuj heterocyclic ntau yam, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, txawv teb chaws tau tsim nthuav graphite nplaim retardant PU saj zawg zog ua npuas ncauj, los yog nitrogen heterocyclic nplaim retardant Cov tshuaj yog lawm.
lwm yam
Lwm yam additives mas muaj xws li: pore openers, cross-linking agents, antioxidants, anti-fogging agents, thiab lwm yam. Thaum xaiv, lub cawv ntawm additives ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm PU cov khoom yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab, raws li zoo raws li nws toxicity, migration, compatibility, thiab lwm yam. . lus nug.
5 khoom
Txhawm rau kom nkag siab ntxiv txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm PU mos ua npuas ncauj, ntau tus neeg sawv cev piv txwv tau qhia rau kev siv:
1. Hom mis thiab cov khoom ntawm thaiv polyether PU soft foam
Polyether triol 100pbw TDI80/20 46.0pbw Organotin catalyst 0.4pbw Tertiary amine catalyst 0.2pbw Silicon foam stabilizer 1.0pbw Dej 3.6pbw Co-foaming tus neeg sawv cev 0 ~ 12pbw 4 tenpasity 2 kg, Foam / 2 kg. 3 Elongation, % 220 Tear zog, N / m 385 Compression set, 50% 6 90% 6 Cavitation load, kg (38cm × 35.6cm × 10cm) Deformation 25% 13.6 65% 25.6 Poob pob rebound, % 38 Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, thiaj li ua tau raws li cov cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua lag luam, qee lub lag luam feem ntau tsim cov khoom siv tsawg (10kg / m3) ua npuas ncauj.Thaum tsim cov khoom siv ultra-low-density saj zawg zog ua npuas ncauj, nws tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom cov foaming agent thiab auxiliary foaming agent.Yuav ua li cas yuav tsum tau kuj yuav tsum tau matched nrog ib tug kuj high-stability silicon surfactant thiab ib tug catalyst.
Kev tsim tawm ntawm cov khoom siv tsawg-tsawg ultra-low-density saj zawg zog ua npuas ncauj siv mis: lub npe nruab nrab-density low-density ultra-low ntom
Nruam lub thawv txuas ntxiv lub thawv polyether polyol 100100100100100 Dej 3.03.04.55.56.6 A-33 catalyst 0.20.20.20.250.18 Silicon surfactant B-81101.01.21.11.902.0. 0 Agent 7.57.512.515.034.0 TSI 80/2041.444.056.073 .0103.0 Ceev, kg/m3 23.023.016.514.08.0
Cylindrical ua npuas ncauj formula: EO / PO hom polyether polyol (OH: 56) 100pbw Dej 6.43pbw MC foaming tus neeg sawv cev 52.5pbw Silicon surfactant L-628 6.50pbw Catalyst A230 0.44pbw Stannous octoate.5809 D1bage 39pbw Ua npuas ncauj ntom ntom, kg/m3 7,5
2. Ua kua CO2 co-foaming tus neeg saib xyuas kom ua npuas ncauj tsawg
Polyether triol (Mn3000) 100 100 Dej 4.9 5.2 Liquid CO2 2.5 3.3 Silicone surfactant L631 1.5 1.75 B8404 Amine catalyst A133 0.28 0.30 Stannous octoate 1 0 ret DI 0.0.1. 0/20 Ua npuas ncauj ntom, kg/m3 16 16
Cov mis mos raug raws li hauv qab no: Polyether triol (Mn3000) 100pbw Dej 4.0pbw LCO2 4.0 ~ 5.5pbw Catalyst A33 0.25pbw Silicon surfactant SC155 1.35pbw Stannous octoate D19 0.20pbw / kg 14.0-16.5 Nws
3. Puv MDI tsis tshua muaj ntom polyurethane mos ua npuas ncauj
Mos PU molded ua npuas ncauj yog siv dav hauv kev tsim cov rooj zaum hauv tsheb.Kev txo qis yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub cev yog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txhim kho.
Formula: Kev ua haujlwm siab polyether (OH: 26 ~ 30mgKOH / g) 80pbw Polymer polyol (OH: 23 ~ 27mgKOH / g) 20pbw Crosslinking tus neeg sawv cev 0 ~ 3pbw Dej 4.0pbw Amine catalyst A-33 2.8pbw Nto 1 7 B70 roj silicone Pbw MDI Performance index 90pbw Kev Ua Haujlwm: Ua npuas ncauj qhov ntom ntom 34.5kg / m3 Hardness ILD25% 15.0kg / 314cm2 Tear zog 0.8kg / cm2 Tensile zog 1.34kg / cm2 Elongation 120% Rebound tus nqi 62% Permanent compression set (W) 13.5%
4. Tsawg ceev, tag nrho MDI ib puag ncig-phooj ywg lub tsheb cushion
Homologue ntawm ntshiab MDI: M50-uas yog, cov khoom ntawm 4,4′MDI 50% 2,4′MDI 50%, tuaj yeem foamed ntawm chav tsev kub, txhim kho fluidity, txo cov khoom ntom, thiab txo cov tsheb hnyav, uas yog cog lus heev.Cov khoom:
Tsim: Siab nquag polyol (Au: 28-20w Dabco 8154 0.7PBW Da-1 0.1pbw Daanate Index M50 50PBW 8
Lub cev muaj zog: kos lub sij hawm (s) 62 Lub sij hawm sawv (s) 98 Dawb npuas ntom, kg / m3 32.7 Compression load deflection, kpa: 40% 1.5 Elongation, % 180 Tear zog, N / m 220
Faj seeb: * 310 Pab: Kuv muag nws, nws yog ib tug tshwj xeeb saw extender.
5. Kev ua haujlwm siab, nyiam caij PU ua npuas ncauj
Tsis ntev los no, kev ua lag luam tau thov kom lub cev lub cev ntawm lub rooj zaum hauv ncoo tseem tsis hloov pauv, tab sis tib neeg yuav tsis qaug zog thiab kev mob kev nkeeg ntawm lub rooj zaum zoo tom qab tsav tsheb mus ntev.Tom qab kev tshawb fawb, lub cev sab hauv ntawm tib neeg lub cev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub plab, muaj qhov zaus ntawm 6Hz.Yog hais tias resonance tshwm sim, nws yuav ua rau xeev siab thiab ntuav ..
Feem ntau, kev co xa tawm ntawm kev ua npuas dej siab ntawm 6Hz yog 1.1 ~ 1.3, uas yog hais tias, thaum lub tsheb khiav, nws tsis qaug zog tab sis nce, thiab qee cov khoom siv mis tuaj yeem txo qhov kev vibration rau 0.8 ~ 0.9.Tam sim no cov khoom tsim tau pom zoo, thiab nws qhov kev sib kis ntawm 6Hz yog nyob rau theem ntawm 0.5 ~ 0.55.
Formulation: Kev ua haujlwm siab polyether polyol (Mn6000) 100pbw Silicon surfactant SRX-274C 1.0pbw Tertiary amine catalyst, Minico L-1020 0.4pbw Tertiary amine catalyst, Minico TMDA 0.15pbbwpom dej 3.6% INDEX 9% 00
Lub cev muaj zog: Zuag qhia tag nrho ntom ntom, kg / m3 48.0 25% ILD, kg / 314cm2 19.9 Rebound, % 74 50% compression
Shrinkage Strength, (Siv) 1.9 (ntub) 2.5 6Hz Vibration Transmittance 0.55
6. Rov qab qeeb lossis viscoelastic ua npuas ncauj
Lub thiaj li hu ua qeeb-rebound PU ua npuas ncauj hais txog cov npuas dej uas tsis tau rov qab los rau nws cov duab qub tam sim ntawd tom qab cov npuas dej deformed los ntawm sab nraud quab yuam, tab sis maj mam rov qab los yam tsis muaj qhov seem deformation.Nws muaj zoo cushioning, suab rwb thaiv tsev, sealing thiab lwm yam khoom.Nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev tswj lub suab nrov ntawm lub tsheb cav, cov ntaub pua plag rov qab, cov menyuam yaus cov khoom ua si thiab hauv ncoo kho mob.
Piv txwv cov mis: Kev ua haujlwm siab polyether (OH34) 40 ~ 60pbw Polymer polyether (OH28) 60 ~ 40 pbw Hla-adhesive ZY-108 * 80 ~ 100 pbw L-580 1.5 pbw Catalyst 1.8 ~ 2.5 pbw Dej. 2ocyan * 1.6 pbw dej. * 1.05 pbw Lus Cim: * ZY-108, ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv ntau yam uas tsis muaj qhov hnyav molecular polyether ** PM-200, ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm liquefied MDI-100, ob qho tib si yog Wanhua cov khoom Khoom: Ua npuas ncauj ntom ntom, kg / m3 150 ~ 165 Hardness, Ntug A 18 ~ 15 Tear zog, kN / m 0.87 ~ 0.76 Elongation, % 90 ~ 130 Rebound tus nqi, % 9 ~ 7 Rov qab lub sij hawm, vib nas this 7 ~ 10
7. Polyether hom self-skinned microcellular ua npuas ncauj resistant rau flex qaug zog lab lub sij hawm
Cov npuas dej tuaj yeem siv rau PU soles thiab lub kauj tsheb
实例： DaltocelF-435 31.64 pbw Arcol34-28 10.0 pbw DaltocelF-481 44.72 pbw Arcol2580 3.0 pbw 乙二醇6.0 pbw 催Dab 8 0 EG 27 0.3 pbw 硅表面活性剂DC-193 0.3 pbw L1 412T 1.5 pbw Dej 0.44 pbw Hloov kho MDI Suprasec2433 71 pbw
Lub cev muaj zog: Ua npuas ncauj ntom ntom: txog 0.5g∕cm3 β-siv deflection, KCS 35 ~ 50, zoo heev
8. nplaim retardant, tsis muaj pa luam yeeb, siab resilience ua npuas ncauj
Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam, ntau lub tuam tsev muaj kev xav tau ntau dua thiab siab dua rau cov nplaim hluav taws kub nyhiab ntawm cov khoom ua npuas ncauj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog aviation, tsheb, cov neeg caij tsheb ceev ceev, thiab tsev sofas, thiab lwm yam.
Raws li qhov xwm txheej saum toj no, tus sau thiab cov npoj yaig tau tsim cov nplaim hluav taws kub (oxygen index 28 ~ 30%), uas muaj cov pa luam yeeb tsawg heev (tus nqi thoob ntiaj teb yog 74, thiab cov khoom no tsuas yog kwv yees li 50), thiab ua npuas ncauj rebound tseem tsis hloov.Ua cov pa luam yeeb dawb.
Piv txwv mis: YB-3081 nplaim retardant polyether 50 pbw Kev ua haujlwm siab polyether (OH34) 50 pbw Silicone surfactant B 8681 0.8 ~ 1.0 pbw Dej 2.4 ~ 2.6 pbw DEOA 1.5 ~ 3 pbw Catalyst.
Lub cev muaj zog: Ua npuas ncauj ntom ntom, kg / m3 ≥50 Compressive zog, kPa 5.5 Tensile zog, kPa 124 Rebound tus nqi, % ≥60 Compression deformation, 75% ≤8 Oxygen Performance index, OI% ≥ 28 Cov pa luam yeeb ntom ≤50
9. Dej yog tus neeg sawv cev foaming, txhua tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig nws tus kheej ua npuas ncauj
HCFC-141b foaming tus neeg sawv cev tau raug txwv tag nrho nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws.CP foaming tus neeg sawv cev yog flammable.HFC-245fa thiab HFC-365mfc foaming agent yog kim thiab tsis tsim nyog.Tawv ua npuas ncauj.Yav dhau los, cov neeg ua haujlwm PU ua haujlwm nyob hauv tsev thiab txawv txav tsuas yog them nyiaj rau kev hloov kho ntawm polyether thiab isocyanate, yog li txheej saum toj no thiab lub ntom tau siab.
Ib txheej ntawm cov qauv yog tam sim no pom zoo, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm:
l Cov txheej txheem polyether polyol tseem tsis hloov pauv, thiab cov pa Mn5000 lossis 6000 yog siv.·
l Cov isocyanate tseem tsis hloov pauv, C-MDI, PAPI lossis hloov kho MDI tuaj yeem siv.
l Siv cov tshuaj ntxiv tshwj xeeb SH-140 los daws qhov teeb meem.·
Basic formula:
l Kev ua haujlwm siab polyether triol Mn5000 65pbw
l SH-140 * 35pbw
l Chain extender: 1,4-butanediol 5pbw
l Tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas: glycerol 1.7pbw
l Tus neeg sawv cev qhib: K-6530 0.2 ~ 0.5pbw
l Catalyst A-2 1.2 ~ 1.3pbw
l Xim muab tshuaj txhuam kom tsim nyog l Dej 0.5pbw
l MR-200 45 pbw
Lus Cim: * SH-140 yog peb cov khoom.
Lub cev muaj zog: tag nrho qhov ntom ntawm cov npuas dej yog 340 ~ 350kg / m3
Cov khoom: du nto, ntshiab crust, tsawg ntom.
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-12-2022